Sheikh, N. 2026. E-Governance in Pakistan: Why Every Relaunch Fails, and What Would Actually Work: Pakistan ranks 136th out of 193 countries on the UN’s E-Government Development Index, second-last in South Asia ahead of only Afghanistan, and the flagship Citizen’s Portal has spent months at a time simply not working — not because the country lacks digital talent, but because every relaunch tries to fix an app instead of the fragmented institutions behind it. PakTech Today. 1, 12 (Jul. 2026), 301–303.