Muhammad Rayyan. The Security Challenges in E-Governance Systems of Pakistan: Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Solutions: Pakistan’s Digital Government Ambitions Are Rapidly Increasing, But Beneath the Vibrant Portals and Mobile Apps Lies a Fragile Security Infrastructure, Vulnerable to Threats of Data Theft, Fraud, and Systemic Failure, Exposing the Data of Millions of Citizens. PakTech 2026, 1, 134-139.