Sheikh, N. E-Governance in Pakistan: Why Every Relaunch Fails, and What Would Actually Work: Pakistan Ranks 136th Out of 193 Countries on the UN’s E-Government Development Index, Second-Last in South Asia Ahead of Only Afghanistan, and the Flagship Citizen’s Portal Has Spent Months at a Time Simply Not Working — Not Because the Country Lacks Digital Talent, But Because Every Relaunch Tries to Fix an App Instead of the Fragmented Institutions Behind It. PakTech 2026, 1, 301-303.