Majeed, A. Why Most Pakistani Software Houses Are Still Stuck in Body-Shop Mode: Scroll through Any Ranking of Pakistan’s Top Software Houses and the Same Phrase Keeps Appearing: Staff Augmentation. Seventeen Thousand-Plus IT Companies Later, Most of Pakistan’s Software Industry Is Still Selling Engineering Hours at a Discount Rather Than Building Anything It Owns — and the Incentives Keeping It There Are Stronger Than Most Founders, Myself Included, Like to Admit. PakTech 2026, 1, i-ii.