Muhammad Rayyan, “The Security Challenges in E-Governance Systems of Pakistan: Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Solutions: Pakistan’s digital government ambitions are rapidly increasing, but beneath the vibrant portals and mobile apps lies a fragile security infrastructure, vulnerable to threats of data theft, fraud, and systemic failure, exposing the data of millions of citizens”., PakTech, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 134–139, Jun. 2026.