N. Sheikh, “E-Governance in Pakistan: Why Every Relaunch Fails, and What Would Actually Work: Pakistan ranks 136th out of 193 countries on the UN’s E-Government Development Index, second-last in South Asia ahead of only Afghanistan, and the flagship Citizen’s Portal has spent months at a time simply not working — not because the country lacks digital talent, but because every relaunch tries to fix an app instead of the fragmented institutions behind it”., PakTech, vol. 1, no. 12, pp. 301–303, Jul. 2026.